Gloria J. D'Souza, Esq.

Employment-Based Immigration (EB-1, EB-2, EB-3, EB-4, EB-5)

Employment-Based Immigration (EB) refers to the process by which foreign nationals can obtain lawful permanent residence (commonly known as a green card) in the United States based on their employment or job offer. There are several preference categories within the EB system, each with its own eligibility requirements and priority. Each preference category has a limited number of green cards available each year, and there may be significant waiting periods, particularly for categories with high demand. Additionally, employers sponsoring foreign workers for employment-based green cards in some categories must also demonstrate that they have been unable to find qualified U.S. workers for the positions in question and must comply with various labor certification and immigration regulations.

EB-1 (First Preference):

Non-citizen priority workers qualify for the EB-1 category. Each occupational category has certain requirements that must be met:
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Who qualifies as a Priority Worker for EB-1 category?

  • Individuals with extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics;
  • Outstanding professors and researchers; or
  • Certain multinational managers and executives.

When does a family of Eb-1 visa holders qualify to apply for a Green Card?

Once the principal applicant’s I-140 petition is approved, spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21 may be eligible to apply for admission to the United States in E-21 and E-22 immigrant status, respectively.

EB-2 (Second Preference):

Professionals with Advanced Degrees or Exceptional Ability: This category includes individuals with advanced degrees (beyond a bachelor’s degree) or those with exceptional ability in their field. The employer must obtain a certified Application for Permanent Employment Certification from the Department of Labor before filing Form I-140, Petition for Alien Worker with USCIS. Certain professional nurses and physical therapists qualify to file Form I-140, with an uncertified ETA Form 9089 for consideration as Schedule A

National Interest Waiver (NIW): Individuals whose work is in the interest of the United States may be eligible for a waiver of the job offer and labor certification requirements if they can demonstrate that their work benefits the nation significantly.

The endeavors that qualify for a national interest waiver are not defined by statute; instead, USCIS considers the 3 factors test.

An employer as a sponsor is not required while seeking a national interest.

What are the factors USCIS Considers for a National Interest Waiver?

  • The proposed endeavor has both substantial merit and national importance.
  • You are well-positioned to advance the proposed endeavor.
  • On balance, it would benefit the United States to waive the requirements of a job offer and, thus, the labor certification.

When does a family of Eb-2 visa holders qualify to apply for a Green Card?

Once the principal applicant’s I-140 petition is approved, spouse and unmarried children under 21 may be eligible to apply for admission to the United States in E-21 and E-22 immigrant status, respectively.

EB-3 (Third Preference):

Skilled Workers, Professionals, and Other Workers qualify for the Eb-3 category. A permanent, full-time job offer is required. The employer must obtain a certified Application for Permanent Employment Certification from the Department of Labor before filing Form I-140, Petition for Alien Worker with USCIS.

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Who is eligible for the EB-3 immigrant visa preference category?

  • Skilled workers” are persons whose jobs require a minimum of 2 years of training or experience, not of a temporary or seasonal nature. The skilled worker must meet the educational, training, or experience requirements of the job opportunity. Relevant post-secondary education may be considered as training.
  • Professionals” are persons whose job requires at least a U.S. baccalaureate or foreign equivalent degree and are members of the professions.
  • The “other workers” subcategory is for persons performing unskilled labor requiring less than 2 years of training or experience, not of a temporary or seasonal nature.

When does a family of Eb-2 visa holders qualify to apply for a Green Card?

Once the principal applicant’s I-140 petition is approved, spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21 may be eligible to apply for admission to the United States in E34 (spouse of a “skilled worker” or “professional”) or EW4 (spouse of an “other worker”) and E35 (child of a “skilled worker” or “professional”) or EW5 (child of an “other worker”) immigrant status, respectively.

EB-4 (Fourth Preference):

Special Immigrants such as religious workers, certain employees of U.S. foreign service posts, retired employees of international organizations, certain physicians, and others are eligible for an employment-based, fourth preference (EB-4) visa.

Who is eligible as a special immigrant for the fourth preference (EB-4) visa?

Some EB-4 classifications allow your spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21 to be admitted to the United States.

EB-5 (Immigrant Investor Program):

Immigrant Investor Program, known as EB-5 employment-based fifth preference visa paves way for immigration investors and their spouses and unmarried children under 21.

Congress created the EB-5 Program in 1990 to stimulate the U.S. economy through job creation and capital investment by foreign investors. In 1992, Congress created the Immigrant Investor Program, also known as the Regional Center Program, which sets aside EB-5 visas for participants who invest in commercial enterprises associated with regional centers approved by USCIS based on proposals for promoting economic growth.

USCIS administers the EB-5 Program. Under this program, investors (and their spouses and unmarried children under 21) are eligible to apply for lawful permanent residence (become a Green Card holder) if they:

  • Make the necessary investment in a commercial enterprise in the United States; and
  • Plan to create or preserve 10 permanent full-time jobs for qualified U.S. workers.

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